![\"naezdnik\"](\"https:\/\/b-ento.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/10\/osy_1.jpg\")
<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\nThe species of parasitic wasps<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\nIn English-language sources, the name Parasitic Wasp is more common, characterised by the external similarity of individuals. Unlike wasps, Ichneumonidae<\/em> have an ovipositor in place of the sting, with which they pierce the victim, laying offspring in it. Given the small size of the parasitic wasps, all their victims are often larger than them, but this does not interfere with active hunting. Of course, there are also large individuals up to 13 cm, but small ones with a size of 5-35 mm predominate. The parasitic wasps got their name due to the specifics of hunting their victims. A typical situation can be considered the location of an insect above the victim, in the blind zone, after which the parasitic wasps \u201csaddles\u201d his prey and inserts an ovipositor into it. The larva of the Ichneumonidae <\/em>develops inside the victim, feeding on its tissues, which leads to gradual death.<\/p>\n\n\n\nAlthough Ichneumonidae <\/em>are called parasitic wasps, they <\/em>are not parasites. This group of insects is more correctly called parasitoids, because unlike parasites, they kill their host.<\/p>\n\n\n\nClassification by parasitism<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\nParasites are divided into 3 groups depending on the characteristics of the development of individuals on the victim.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Ectoparasites<\/strong><\/h4>\n\n\n\nEctoparasites develop on gervais. They pierce the chitin with the ovipositor and lay the eggs in the resulting hole. At the moment of injection, a special secret is excreted that paralyses the victim. This method of infection is characteristic of insects leading a secretive lifestyle and living inside fruits or trees.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Endoparasites<\/strong><\/h4>\n\n\n\nEndoparasites develop inside the victim. Parasitoid wasps lay eggs in the victim’s body at different stages of its development (egg, larva, imago). In the future, the development of the parasitoid takes place inside the individual, and its internal organs are the food base. At the moment, this is the most common way of parasitizing these insects.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Superparasites<\/strong><\/h4>\n\n\n\nSuperparasites are parasitoid wasps infecting other parasitic individuals. They are extremely rare.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Darwin believed that the existence of Parasitoid wasps is incompatible with the basic tenet of religious teachings that position the study of natural phenomena as a way of showing the favour of the Lord. In one of the published letters he wrote: «I cannot persuade myself that a beneficent and omnipotent God would have designedly created the Ichneumonidae<\/em> with the express intention of their feeding within the living bodies of caterpillars, or that a cat should play with mice.»<\/p>\n\n\n\nApplication in biosecurity<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\nDue to the specifics of the lifestyle, Ichneumonidae<\/em> have increasingly been used in the agro sector, in order to control the pest population. They have proven themselves well as biological agents against lepidoptera at different stages of development, larvae of sciarids, thrips, various stages of whitefly of several species and aphids. In addition to predatory habits, parasitoid wasps feed on plant nectar and are indirectly useful in pollinating crops.<\/p>\n\n\n\nPopular Biosecurity Agents<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\nAmong the Ichneumonidae<\/em>, popular and effective agronomic species can be distinguished:<\/p>\n\n\n\n- Habrobracon hebetor<\/em><\/li>
- Encarsia formosa<\/em><\/li>
- Eretmocerus eremicus<\/em><\/li>
- Aphidius ervi<\/em><\/li>
- Aphidius colemani<\/em><\/li>
- Diglyphus isaea<\/em><\/li>
- Anagyrus pseudococci<\/em><\/li>
- Trichogramma<\/em><\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n
Trichogramma<\/em><\/strong><\/h4>\n\n\n\nSeparately, the Trichogramma<\/em> breeding industry can be singled out, since it is at its peak, because these tiny parasitoid wasps (the smallest individuals are only 0.5 mm long, and the largest rarely more than 2 mm) are ready to crush entire colonies of pests (up to 70 different species).<\/p>\n\n\n\nAfter settling into a greenhouse or conservatory, the parasitoid examines each plant step by step for the presence of pest eggs. Scientists cite statistics in which the decline in the pest population after the release of the Trichogramma<\/em> reached 60-90%, which is an undeniably high result.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"Parasitic wasps are an order of insects that are parasitoids of other species, mainly arthropods. The detachment has about 150 thousand species. A large number of species are beneficial due to ability of regulating the pest population in agriculture. The species of parasitic wasps In English-language sources, the name Parasitic Wasp is more common, characterised …<\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":74,"featured_media":1067,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"single-enciklopedia.php","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[1,3],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-1066","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-enciklopedia","category-news"],"acf":[],"aioseo_notices":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/b-ento.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1066","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/b-ento.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/b-ento.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/b-ento.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/74"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/b-ento.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=1066"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/b-ento.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1066\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/b-ento.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/1067"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/b-ento.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=1066"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/b-ento.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=1066"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/b-ento.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=1066"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}
Although Ichneumonidae <\/em>are called parasitic wasps, they <\/em>are not parasites. This group of insects is more correctly called parasitoids, because unlike parasites, they kill their host.<\/p>\n\n\n\n Parasites are divided into 3 groups depending on the characteristics of the development of individuals on the victim.<\/p>\n\n\n\n Ectoparasites develop on gervais. They pierce the chitin with the ovipositor and lay the eggs in the resulting hole. At the moment of injection, a special secret is excreted that paralyses the victim. This method of infection is characteristic of insects leading a secretive lifestyle and living inside fruits or trees.<\/p>\n\n\n\n Endoparasites develop inside the victim. Parasitoid wasps lay eggs in the victim’s body at different stages of its development (egg, larva, imago). In the future, the development of the parasitoid takes place inside the individual, and its internal organs are the food base. At the moment, this is the most common way of parasitizing these insects.<\/p>\n\n\n\n Superparasites are parasitoid wasps infecting other parasitic individuals. They are extremely rare.<\/p>\n\n\n\n Darwin believed that the existence of Parasitoid wasps is incompatible with the basic tenet of religious teachings that position the study of natural phenomena as a way of showing the favour of the Lord. In one of the published letters he wrote: «I cannot persuade myself that a beneficent and omnipotent God would have designedly created the Ichneumonidae<\/em> with the express intention of their feeding within the living bodies of caterpillars, or that a cat should play with mice.»<\/p>\n\n\n\n Application in biosecurity<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n Due to the specifics of the lifestyle, Ichneumonidae<\/em> have increasingly been used in the agro sector, in order to control the pest population. They have proven themselves well as biological agents against lepidoptera at different stages of development, larvae of sciarids, thrips, various stages of whitefly of several species and aphids. In addition to predatory habits, parasitoid wasps feed on plant nectar and are indirectly useful in pollinating crops.<\/p>\n\n\n\n Among the Ichneumonidae<\/em>, popular and effective agronomic species can be distinguished:<\/p>\n\n\n\n Separately, the Trichogramma<\/em> breeding industry can be singled out, since it is at its peak, because these tiny parasitoid wasps (the smallest individuals are only 0.5 mm long, and the largest rarely more than 2 mm) are ready to crush entire colonies of pests (up to 70 different species).<\/p>\n\n\n\n After settling into a greenhouse or conservatory, the parasitoid examines each plant step by step for the presence of pest eggs. Scientists cite statistics in which the decline in the pest population after the release of the Trichogramma<\/em> reached 60-90%, which is an undeniably high result.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":" Parasitic wasps are an order of insects that are parasitoids of other species, mainly arthropods. The detachment has about 150 thousand species. A large number of species are beneficial due to ability of regulating the pest population in agriculture. The species of parasitic wasps In English-language sources, the name Parasitic Wasp is more common, characterised …<\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":74,"featured_media":1067,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"single-enciklopedia.php","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[1,3],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-1066","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-enciklopedia","category-news"],"acf":[],"aioseo_notices":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/b-ento.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1066","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/b-ento.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/b-ento.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/b-ento.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/74"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/b-ento.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=1066"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/b-ento.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1066\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/b-ento.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/1067"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/b-ento.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=1066"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/b-ento.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=1066"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/b-ento.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=1066"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}Classification by parasitism<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n
Ectoparasites<\/strong><\/h4>\n\n\n\n
Endoparasites<\/strong><\/h4>\n\n\n\n
Superparasites<\/strong><\/h4>\n\n\n\n
Popular Biosecurity Agents<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n
Trichogramma<\/em><\/strong><\/h4>\n\n\n\n