{"id":1291,"date":"2020-10-15T18:57:39","date_gmt":"2020-10-15T15:57:39","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/b-ento.com\/ru\/?p=1291"},"modified":"2022-08-17T18:24:32","modified_gmt":"2022-08-17T15:24:32","slug":"delfastus-kataline-delphastus-catalinae","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/b-ento.com\/en\/delfastus-kataline-delphastus-catalinae\/","title":{"rendered":"Delphastus catalinae"},"content":{"rendered":"\n

Delphastus catalinae<\/em> is recognized as an effective means of biological control of whiteflies due to the high level of prey consumption, long life of adults and high reproductive ability. Entomophage belongs to the genus of ladybirds (Coccinellidae<\/em>) and is used to combat and eradicate almost all species of whitefly of commercial importance.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

List of victims and cultures<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

Glasshouse whitefly (Trialeurodes vaporariorum<\/em>) damages a wide selection of ornamental, fruit and vegetable crops (avocado, beans, cucumber, aubergine, melon, zucchini, tomatoes);<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Banded-wing whitefly (Trialeurodes abutiloneus<\/em>) affects ornamental plants, including poinsettia, geranium, hibiscus, petunia;<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Silverleaf whitefly (Bemisia tabaci) is harmful to a wide selection of ornamental, fruit and vegetable crops (tomatoes, peppers, zucchini, cucumbers, beans, aubergine, watermelon, peanuts, soy, poinsettia, hibiscus, chrysanthemum);<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Woolly whitefly (Aleurothrixus floccosus<\/em>) affects citrus, myrtle;<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Azalea whitefly (Pealius spp.<\/em>) damages azalea and hibiscus;<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Citrus blackfly (Aleurocanthus<\/em> woglumi<\/em>) is harmful to citrus.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Distribution<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

Currently, three species of Delphastus<\/em> are common: catalinae<\/em>, pallidus <\/em>and pusillus<\/em>. Of these, Delphastus catalinae<\/em> is most often used, which is commercially bred to combat whitefly. Delphastus catalinae<\/em> originates in Colombia, South America, but currently established populations can be found in other regions with tropical and subtropical climates.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Description<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

Adults of Delphastus catalinae<\/em> are small black beetles 1.4 mm long with yellow legs. The colour of the head is used to distinguish females from males. The females have a black head, and the males have an orange one. The larvae are oblong, cream-coloured, covered with short, thin hairs and have visible legs, unlike the fly larva, which has no legs. Pupae are more yellow and spherical.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Life cycle and behaviour<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

The full life cycle from egg to adult takes 21-25 days at 25-30 \u00b0C.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The eggs are yellowish, oval, laid in clusters on the underside of the leaves. During her lifetime, the female is able to lay 200-300 eggs.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Larvae, up to the moment of pupation, are able to eat about 1000 whitefly eggs. Older larvae migrate down the plant to pupate.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Pupae are often found in groups along the veins on the underside of the leaves.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

One adult beetle can eat up to 10,000 whitefly eggs at the rate of 160 per day and up to 700 larvae during its lifetime. The lifespan of adults is approximately 60 days for females and 45 days for males.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Adults and larvae feed on eggs and nymphal stages of whitefly. Delphastus catalinae<\/em> gives greater preference to feeding on pest eggs. The imago is a winged form of the entomophage, therefore it is capable of rapid flights. Also, an adult individual can independently find the foci of infection and move to them.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Delphastus catalinae<\/em> avoids parasitic nymphs and is therefore compatible with the use of parasitic wasps as biological defence agents.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

If there is a lack of target prey in the food supply, the entomophage will begin to feed on other small arthropods, such as spider mites and aphids.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

At the larval stage, Delphastus catalinae<\/em> was observed to be able to feed on dew and dew, even if there was a whitefly. It follows from this that the availability of alternative food sources may allow Delphastus catalinae<\/em> to survive periods of low prey density.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Although low temperatures are a limiting factor for Delphastus catalinae<\/em>, small populations can survive mild winters when low temperatures exceed 0 \u00b0C. Humidity can also affect Delphastus catalinae<\/em>; low humidity (10% relative humidity), has a negative effect on egg laying and survival<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Meaning and application<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

Delphastus catalinae<\/em> have been extensively studied as biological warfare agents. It is recommended to release Delphastus<\/em> into the greenhouse when a whitefly is detected at the rate of 100 adults per whitefly «hot spot» or 10 adults per infected plant, with a weekly release for 3-4 weeks. Delphastus catalinae<\/em> has been successfully bred and commercialized for many years to control whiteflies. Their ability to rapidly reduce large whitefly populations can be combined with parasitoids, including Encarsia<\/em> and Eretmocerus<\/em> and other compatible management strategies to further improve the effectiveness of whitefly control in field and greenhouse crops.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Delphastus catalinae is recognized as an effective means of biological control of whiteflies due to the high level of prey consumption, long life of adults and high reproductive ability. Entomophage belongs to the genus of ladybirds (Coccinellidae) and is used to combat and eradicate almost all species of whitefly of commercial importance. List of victims …<\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":74,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"single-enciklopedia.php","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[66],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-1291","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-entomofagi"],"acf":[],"aioseo_notices":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/b-ento.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1291","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/b-ento.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/b-ento.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/b-ento.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/74"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/b-ento.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=1291"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/b-ento.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1291\/revisions"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/b-ento.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=1291"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/b-ento.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=1291"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/b-ento.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=1291"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}