{"id":1311,"date":"2020-10-15T19:28:31","date_gmt":"2020-10-15T16:28:31","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/b-ento.com\/ru\/?p=1311"},"modified":"2022-08-17T18:03:28","modified_gmt":"2022-08-17T15:03:28","slug":"trihogrammma-trichogramma","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/b-ento.com\/en\/trihogrammma-trichogramma\/","title":{"rendered":"Trichogramma"},"content":{"rendered":"\n

Trichogramma<\/em> is an insect of the Trichogrammatidae <\/em>family, like the wasps familiar to us, belongs to the order of Hymenoptera<\/em>. The Trichogramma<\/em> is an entomophagous parasitoid \u2014 it exists and develops inside the eggs of the host insect. They are named parasitoid (parasitic) wasps due to the external similarity with wasps and belonging to the same order.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Trichogramma<\/em> were first described as a species in 1871, they began to be used in agriculture already in the early 1900s, and in 1926 they began to be grown en masse on Sitotroga<\/em> eggs.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Interestingly, the brain of a Trichogramma<\/em> has only about 10 thousand neurons, which is extremely few in comparison with other insects. For example, a tiny fruit fly has 250 thousand neurons. But even considering such modest figures, the Trichogramma<\/em> has a rather complex behaviour. An example of this is the model of choosing eggs for infection and creating offspring.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The Trichogramma<\/em> finds its victim with the help of chemotaxis (reaction to a chemical stimulus). When the victim is found, the entomophage taps the ovipositor and antennae on the surface of the egg. Thus, the parasitoid wasp determines the size and shape of the egg to determine the number of offspring that will be deposited in it, as well as whether this egg was infected with other individuals of Trichogramma<\/em> earlier.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Description<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

Trichogramma <\/em>is a small insect, about 1 mm in length, of yellow-brown colour. They have two pairs of wings, the front ones are wide and rounded, the rear ones are narrow. Outwardly they resemble flies, and with a larger zoom\u2014wasp. Entomophage larvae play an active role as a biological defence agent. Adults feed on the nectar of flowers and somehow, but still help pollinate plants.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Life cycle<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

An adult individual of the Trichogramma <\/em>lives for 3-14 days and during its life affects 50-100 pest eggs, about 10 pcs per day. The larva of the Trichogramma <\/em>develops and pupates, parasitizing in the egg, feeding on its tissues, as a result of which another individual of the Trichogramma <\/em>appears from the pest egg. The imago begins to lay eggs from the first day of existence and throughout its life. The largest amount is postponed on the first day. Larval development takes place over 7-14 days, depending on climatic conditions. Trichogramma <\/em>are also capable of wintering at the larval stage. At the same time, they are able to spend the diapause in the victim’s egg, slowing down their development cycle at a reduced temperature. Even with such a short life cycle, Trichogramma <\/em>can create up to 30 generations in a year, some of which during the winter period.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Interestingly, Trichogramma <\/em>have the concept of parthenogenesis (same-sex reproduction). Namely, telitokia, which allows the female parasitoid wasp, without the participation of males, to produce fertile females. These processes are caused by the intervention of the bacterium Wolbachia<\/em>. The bacterium does not harm mammals. In insects, it is expressed in a decrease in the population of males. But it does not cause a decrease in the population, stimulating females to virgin reproduction.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Application<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

Trichogramma <\/em>are the natural enemies of a large list of Lepidoptera<\/em>. Among them are European corn borer, apple ermine, cabbage moth, tomato leafminer and many owlet moths, leafloller moths, and other.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The recommended rate of entomophage application is 250 \u2013 500 thousand individuals per 1 hectare, with repeating every 7 days. Given the modest size of the insect, this amount is actually an insignificant volume, measured in grams. From an economic point of view, the introduction of a Trichogramma <\/em>is very profitable due to the high efficiency and low cost of the agent. The most important nuance in this event is the correct calculation of the entomophage application time. It is necessary to make it at the stage until the embryos of pests have passed into the larval stage. Given the importance of this moment, it is better to seek advice from specialists.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

There are several ways to make a Trichogramma <\/em>, depending on the volume of the area of the cultivated crop. One of them is adhesive cards with infected Sitotroga<\/em> eggs, from which a parasitoid wasp appears. Such cards are manually placed on trees or other threatened plants. Suitable for small areas. For large scales, aviation is used. Also, with the development of technology, controlled drones are involved in this process.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Trichogramma is an insect of the Trichogrammatidae family, like the wasps familiar to us, belongs to the order of Hymenoptera. The Trichogramma is an entomophagous parasitoid \u2014 it exists and develops inside the eggs of the host insect. They are named parasitoid (parasitic) wasps due to the external similarity with wasps and belonging to the …<\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":74,"featured_media":533,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"single-enciklopedia.php","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[66],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-1311","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-entomofagi"],"acf":[],"aioseo_notices":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/b-ento.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1311","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/b-ento.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/b-ento.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/b-ento.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/74"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/b-ento.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=1311"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/b-ento.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1311\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/b-ento.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/533"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/b-ento.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=1311"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/b-ento.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=1311"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/b-ento.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=1311"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}