{"id":1439,"date":"2020-10-15T22:55:50","date_gmt":"2020-10-15T19:55:50","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/b-ento.com\/ru\/?p=1439"},"modified":"2024-10-29T16:49:53","modified_gmt":"2024-10-29T14:49:53","slug":"obyknovennaya-zlatoglazka-chrysoperla-chrysopa-carnea","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/b-ento.com\/en\/obyknovennaya-zlatoglazka-chrysoperla-chrysopa-carnea\/","title":{"rendered":"Lacewing (Chrysoperla or Chrysopa carnea)"},"content":{"rendered":"\n

The Lacewing (Chrysoperla carnea<\/em>) is an insect in the Chrysopidae <\/em>family. Despite the fact that adults feed on nectar, pollen and aphid carrion, larvae are active predators and feed on aphids, as well as other small insects. In connection with these qualities, the species began to be used for biological control of insect pests of agricultural crops.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Initially, it was believed that the common Chrysoperla carnea<\/em> is a single species with a Holarctic realm distribution, but now it has become known that it is a complex of many mysterious related subspecies. They are indistinguishable from each other morphologically, but they can be recognized by variations in vibrational songs that insects use to communicate with each other, especially during courtship periods, before mating.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Description<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

Adult Lacewing individuals are pale green, about 12-20 mm long, with long antennae and bright golden eyes. They have large transparent pale green wings and a delicate body. Adults actively fly, especially in the evening and at night, and have a characteristic fluttering flight. The eggs are oval, laid singly, attached to the plant by long thin stems. Initially, they are pale green, after a few days they turn gray. The larvae are very active, gray, or brownish, with well-developed legs and large mandibles with which they grab their prey, sometimes tearing the victim off the surface of the leaf to prevent its escape. Larvae inject enzymes into the bodies of their victims that digest internal organs, after which they suck out biological fluids. Larvae grow from less than 1 mm to 6-8 mm.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Habitat (cultures)<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

Cotton, sweet corn, potatoes, cabbage crops, tomatoes, peppers, aubergines, asparagus, leafy greens, apples, strawberries and other crops infected with aphids.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Entomophage\u2019s victims<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

It is known that the victims are several species of aphids, spider mites, thrips, whiteflies, eggs of cicadas, moths and miners, small caterpillars, beetle larvae and moths. They are considered important predators of the long-tailed mealybug in greenhouses and plants in the closed ground.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Life cycle<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

Adult Lacewings overwinter, burrowing into fallen leaves at the edge of the field, appearing in spring, with the arrival of heat. Each female Lacewing lays several hundred small eggs, two to five a day, choosing hidden places under leaves or on shoots near potential prey. Eggs are usually laid in the dark.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The larvae hatch in three to six days, feed abundantly and moult three times during the life cycle. They feed not only on aphids, but also on many other insect species, and even hunt larger creatures such as caterpillars. They are able to eat a large amount of prey and completely destroy aphid colonies. With a lack of victims, cannibalism is inherent in the species. After two to three weeks, mature larvae secrete silk and build round cocoons in protected areas on plants. After ten to fourteen days, adults appear from them. The duration of the life cycle (less than 4 weeks in summer) strongly depends on temperature, and under favourable conditions, several generations per year can be created.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Relative efficiency<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

Natural populations of Lacewing have been recorded as important predators of aphids on potatoes. In small experiments, Lacewings achieved a high level of destruction of the aphid population on peppers, potatoes, tomatoes, and aubergines and were used against the Colorado potato beetle on potatoes and aubergines. On corn, peas, cabbage and apples, a high efficiency of aphid control was also obtained, but only with numerous Lacewings. Mass release of Chrysoperla carnea<\/em> during field tests on cotton in Texas reduced infection with moths by 96%. But more recent studies show that the predation of the common Lacewing over other predators will violate the control of the cotton aphid.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The Lacewing Chrysoperla carnea<\/em> is considered a significant predator of aphids on crops of Russian and Egyptian cotton, German sugar beet and European vineyards. The IPM Center of North Carolina State University considers it an important natural enemy of the long-tailed mealybug, one of the 5 most serious pests of the interior landscapes of North Carolina.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

On cotton crops in Pakistan, it was found that the entomophage is effective for controlling the silverleaf whitefly, Bemisia tabaci<\/em>. The presence of larvae on the leaves prevented the visit and deposition of the egg-laying whitefly Bemisia tabaci<\/em>, which suggests that the larvae can produce volatile semiochemicals that repel whitefly.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Although larvae are effective as biological control agents, outdoor adult goldeneye tend to spread widely. They can stay at the site of the initial release if they have sources of nectar, pollen, or honeydew that they can feed on in the immediate vicinity.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Sensitivity to pesticides<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

Chrysoperla carnea<\/em> appears to have some natural tolerance to some chemical insecticides, although significant species differences may be present. The selected populations in the laboratory demonstrated resistance to pyrethroids, organophosphates, and carbaryl.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

The Lacewing (Chrysoperla carnea) is an insect in the Chrysopidae family. Despite the fact that adults feed on nectar, pollen and aphid carrion, larvae are active predators and feed on aphids, as well as other small insects. In connection with these qualities, the species began to be used for biological control of insect pests of …<\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":74,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"single-enciklopedia.php","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[66],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-1439","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-entomofagi"],"acf":[],"aioseo_notices":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/b-ento.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1439","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/b-ento.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/b-ento.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/b-ento.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/74"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/b-ento.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=1439"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/b-ento.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1439\/revisions"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/b-ento.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=1439"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/b-ento.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=1439"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/b-ento.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=1439"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}